OI

Resources: by Musical Culture-Area

African (sub-Saharan)
Amerindian
Australasian
Central Asian/Siberian
East Asian

China
Japan
Korea
The Persian/Arabic/Turkish World
Prehistoric
Oceanic
South Asian/Indian
Southeast Asian
Western

Oceanic

Books:
Love and Kaeppler (Editors), Australia and the Pacific Islands (Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 9)---excellent and enormous, clearly the best source.
Malm, Music Cultures of the Pacific, the Near East, and Asia, 3 edition---a good survey with very broad scope.
The Archive of Maori and Pacific Music---the world's largest collection of Pacific music, at the University of Auckland.
Vanuatu Music Project---for the preservation, documentation and revival of Vanuatu's musical and dance forms.

South Asian/Indian

Arnold (Editor), South Asia: The Indian Subcontinent (Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 5)---amazing coverage.
Wellesz (Editor), Ancient and Oriental Music (New Oxford History of Music, Vol.1)--an old reference.
Karolyi, Traditional African and Oriental Music---an introduction for the Western listener.
Kaufmann, Musical notations of the Orient: notational systems of Continental, East, South, and Central Asia---out-of-print.

Asian Rare Books---a bookseller dealing in old and antiquarian books on Asia and the Orient.
Eastern Books of London---a bookseller dealing in Oriental, Eastern and African books.

Indian

We'd love to get our hands on these seven pre-Raj classics on music theory in good English translations:

1. The Vedas and their ancillary texts, as they treat Vedic chant,
2. The Natya-sastra ("Treatise on the Dramatic Arts") of Bharata, chapters 28-33, 2nd c. BC,
3. The Brhaddesi ("The Great Vulgar Provincial Dialect") of Matagna, 8th c.,
4. The Naradiya Shiksa of Narada, 10th c.,
5. The Sangitaratnakara ("Ocean of Music and Dance") of Sarngadeva, 13th c.,
6. The Ragatarangini ("River of Raga"), 16th c.,
7. The Caturdandiprakasika ("Illuminator of the Four Pillars of Music"), mid-17th c.

Until then, here are some useful links:
Swar Systems---good-looking Indian music software.
Indian Music Links---an excellent and extensive directory, the best place to start.
Indian Classical Music---a thorough introduction to classical music.
The Toronto Gharana---an informative Hindustani site.
India Museek ---a wide variety of links, of widely varying value.
Indian Classical Arts---includes the faq of rec.music.indian.classical and a good introduction to Carnatic music as well as some Hindustani information.
Indian Music Webring---quite a grab-bag of links.
Indian Music---a short introduction to north Indian music.
The Ali Akbar College of Music---a little introductory information on Hindustani music.
The Batish Institute of Indian Music and Fine Arts---the Guru Shishya Database is of greatest interest here.
Bare Bones Raga Guide---an approach to the classification of ragas
Emotions Evoked by Indian Classical Music---a fascinating study.

Folk Music of India---tribal music of rural India.

Nepal

The Kathmandu University Department of Music---is doing wonderful work to preserve the musical traditions of Nepal; they deserve your generosity.

Southeast Asian

Miller and Williams (Editors), Southeast Asia (Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 4)---amazing coverage.
Wellesz (Editor), Ancient and Oriental Music (New Oxford History of Music, Vol.1)--an old reference.
Karolyi, Traditional African and Oriental Music---an introduction for the Western listener.

Asian Rare Books---a bookseller dealing in old and antiquarian books on Asia and the Orient.
Eastern Books of London---a bookseller dealing in Oriental, Eastern and African books.
Southeast Asian Traditional Music---a brief introduction.
Musical Malaysia---a homepage for malaysian music.
 

The Director often consults the Institute's board of advisors.